SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Description

Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, is a highly corrosive substance and a strong base. It is a white, odorless solid that can absorb moisture from the air and is highly soluble in water. Sodium hydroxide is widely used in various industrial processes, such as soap making, water treatment, and chemical manufacturing.

 INCI Name: Sodium Hydroxide

 CAS Number: 1310-73-2

 Applications:

• Soap and Detergent Production: Sodium hydroxide is used in the saponification process to convert fats and oils into soap and glycerin.
• Chemical Manufacturing: It is used in the production of sodium salts, detergents, and biodiesel.
• Water Treatment: Sodium hydroxide is used to regulate pH levels in water treatment plants.
• Cleaning Products: Common in industrial and household cleaners, particularly for its ability to break down grease and oils.
• Paper and Pulp Industry: Sodium hydroxide is involved in the chemical pulping of wood, aiding in the removal of lignin.
• Food Industry: Used in small amounts for food processing, such as in the curing of olives or as a pH regulator.
• Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics: Utilized as a pH adjuster in formulations.

Appearance:
Sodium hydroxide appears as a white, solid, crystalline material, often in the form of pellets, flakes, or granules. It is also available as an aqueous solution (commonly known as caustic soda solution).

Solubility:

• Solubility in Water: Very soluble in water, with the dissolution releasing heat, creating a highly alkaline solution (a strong base).
• Solubility in Organic Solvents: Slightly soluble in alcohol, but primarily used in aqueous solutions.

 Origin:
Sodium hydroxide is typically produced through the chloralkali process, which involves the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) (common salt) in water. The process produces chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, and sodium hydroxide as a byproduct. Sodium hydroxide can also be produced by reacting sodium carbonate (soda ash) with calcium hydroxide.